Ire-iren ƙwayoyin cuta guda 4 na numfashi: Nucleic Acid

Cutar Kwayar Cutar Corona ta 2019, wacce aka fi sani da "COVID-19", tana nufin ciwon huhu da kamuwa da cutar SARS-CoV-2 ke haifarwa. SARS-CoV-2 kwayar cuta ce ta kwayar cutar coronavirus wadda ta samo asali daga nau'in β. COVID-19 cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da numfashi, kuma galibi jama'a suna da saurin kamuwa da ita. A halin yanzu, tushen kamuwa da cutar galibi marasa lafiya ne da SARS-CoV-2 ke kamuwa da ita, kuma mutanen da suka kamu da cutar ba su da alamun cutar suma na iya zama tushen kamuwa da cutar. Dangane da binciken da ake yi a yanzu game da cututtuka, lokacin kamuwa da cutar shine kwanaki 1-14, galibi kwanaki 3-7. Zazzabi, tari busasshe da gajiya sune manyan alamun cutar. Wasu marasa lafiya kaɗan suna da alamun cutar kamar toshewar hanci, hanci mai gudu, ciwon makogwaro, ciwon myalgia da gudawa, da sauransu.

Mura, wacce aka fi sani da "mura", cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da numfashi wadda kwayar cutar mura ke haifarwa. Tana da saurin yaduwa. Yawanci ana yada ta ne ta hanyar tari da atishawa. Yawanci tana yaduwa a lokacin bazara da hunturu. Kwayoyin cutar mura sun kasu zuwa mura A (IFV A), mura B (IFV B), da mura C (IFV C) nau'i uku, duk suna cikin kwayar cutar mai danko, suna haifar da cututtukan dan adam galibi ga ƙwayoyin cutar mura A da B, kwayar cutar RNA ce mai rarrafe guda daya, mai rarrafe. Kwayar cutar mura A kamuwa da cutar numfashi ce mai tsanani, gami da H1N1, H3N2 da sauran nau'ikan, wadanda ke iya kamuwa da maye gurbi da barkewar cutar a duk duniya. "Shift" yana nufin maye gurbi na kwayar cutar mura A, wanda ke haifar da bullar sabuwar kwayar cuta "subtype". Kwayoyin cutar mura B sun kasu gida biyu, Yamagata da Victoria. Kwayar cutar mura B tana da kwayar cutar antigenic kawai, kuma tana guje wa sa ido da kawar da tsarin garkuwar jikin dan adam ta hanyar maye gurbi. Duk da haka, saurin juyin halittar kwayar cutar mura B ya fi na kwayar cutar mura A ta dan adam jinkiri. Kwayar cutar mura ta B kuma tana iya haifar da cututtukan numfashi na ɗan adam kuma tana haifar da annoba.

Kwayar cutar numfashi mai suna Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) kwayar cutar RNA ce, wacce take cikin dangin paramyxoviridae. Ana yada ta ta hanyar digowar iska da kuma kusanci kuma ita ce babbar hanyar kamuwa da cutar numfashi a cikin jarirai. Jarirai da suka kamu da cutar RSV na iya kamuwa da cutar bronchiolitis da ciwon huhu mai tsanani, wanda ke da alaƙa da asma a cikin yara. Jarirai suna da alamun cutar, ciki har da zazzabi mai tsanani, rhinitis, pharyngitis da laryngitis, sannan kuma bronchiolitis da ciwon huhu. Wasu yara marasa lafiya na iya fuskantar matsala da otitis media, pleurisy da myocarditis, da sauransu. Cutar numfashi ta sama ita ce babbar alamar kamuwa da cuta a cikin manya da yara manya.