Ta hanyar lokaci, al'ada "Gudanar da Masana'antu da Gudanar da Gabaɗaya" yana bayyana ma'anar gudanarwa.A cikin wannan littafi, henri fayol ba wai kawai yana ba mu madubi na musamman wanda ke nuna hikimar gudanarwa a zamanin masana'antu ba, amma har ma ya bayyana ka'idodin gudanarwa na gaba ɗaya, wanda aikace-aikacen duniya ya wuce iyakokin lokutan.Komai masana'antar da kuke ciki, wannan littafin zai jagorance ku zuwa zurfafa bincika ainihin gudanarwa da kuma motsa sabon tunanin ku akan aikin gudanarwa.
To, menene sihirin da ya sa wannan littafi ya zama littafin gudanarwa na kusan shekaru ɗari?Kasance tare da taron raba karatu na Rukunin Suzhou da wuri-wuri, karanta wannan babban zane tare da mu, kuma ku yaba da ikon gudanarwa tare, ta yadda zai haskaka da haske kan ci gaban ku!
Hasken ka'ida yana kama da hasken wuta.
Yana da amfani kawai ga mutanen da suka riga sun san tashar kusanci.
Henri fayol [Faransa]
Henri Fayol,1841.7.29-1925.12
Ma'aikacin gudanarwa, masanin kimiyyar gudanarwa, masanin ilimin kasa da mai fafutuka na jihar ana girmama su a matsayin "uban ka'idar gudanarwa" daga tsararraki na baya, daya daga cikin manyan wakilan ka'idar gudanarwa na gargajiya, da kuma wanda ya kafa makarantar sarrafa tsarin gudanarwa.
Gudanar da Masana'antu da Gudanarwa na Gabaɗaya shine mafi mahimmancin gwanintarsa, kuma kammalawarsa alama ce ta samuwar ka'idar gudanarwa ta gaba ɗaya.
Gudanar da Masana'antu da Gudanarwa Gabaɗaya babban aiki ne na masanin kimiyyar gudanarwa na Faransa henri fayol.An buga bugu na farko a shekara ta 1925. Wannan aikin ba wai kawai ya nuna haifuwar ka'idar gudanarwa ta gabaɗaya ba, har ma wani zamani ne na zamani.
Wannan littafi ya kasu kashi biyu:
Kashi na farko yana magana ne akan wajibci da yuwuwar ilimin gudanarwa;
Kashi na biyu yayi magana akan ka'idoji da abubuwan gudanarwa.
01 tunanin membobin kungiyar
Wu Pengpeng, He Xiuli
【 Abtract】Gudanarwa shine tsarawa, tsarawa, jagoranci, daidaitawa da sarrafawa.Ayyukan gudanarwa a fili sun bambanta da sauran ayyuka na asali, don haka kada ku rikita ayyukan gudanarwa da ayyukan jagoranci.
[Bayyana] Gudanarwa ba ikon da manyan kamfanoni da manyan kamfanoni ke buƙatar ƙwarewa ba.Gudanarwa aiki ne na asali wanda shugabanni da membobin ƙungiyar ke buƙatar motsa jiki.Sau da yawa ana samun wasu muryoyi a wurin aiki, kamar: "Ni injiniya ne kawai, ba na buƙatar sanin gudanarwa, kawai in yi aiki."Wannan tunani ba daidai bane.Gudanarwa wani abu ne da duk mutanen da ke cikin aikin ke buƙatar shiga ciki, kamar tsara tsarin aiki: tsawon lokacin da ake sa ran kammala aikin, da irin haɗarin da za a iya fuskanta.Idan mahalarta aikin ba su yi tunani game da shi ba, shirin da shugaban ƙungiyar ya bayar ba zai yuwu ba, kuma haka yake ga wasu.Kowane mutum yana buƙatar ɗaukar alhakin ayyukan kansa da ayyukan sarrafa motsa jiki.
Qin Yajun and Chen Yi
Abstract: Tsarin aiki yana nuna sakamakon da za a samu, kuma a lokaci guda ya ba da hanyar aikin da za a bi, matakan da za a bi da kuma hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da su.
[Jin] Tsare-tsaren ayyuka na iya taimaka mana mu cimma burinmu yadda ya kamata da inganta inganci da ingancin aikinmu.Don makasudin, kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin horo na ETP, ya kamata ya zama mai buri, abin dogara a cikin kimantawa, zuciya, tsarin tsari, kuma lokaci yana jira ba kowa (ma'auni na ZUCIYA).Sannan a yi amfani da kayan aikin sarrafa bamboo ORM don tantance maƙasudan maƙasudi, hanyoyi da matakai na ayyukan da ake buƙatar aiwatarwa, da tsara jadawalin jadawalin kowane mataki da mataki don tabbatar da cewa shirin ya cika akan lokaci.
Jiang Jian Zhang Qi Ya Yanchen
Abstract: Ma'anar iko yana dogara ne akan aiki, kuma martabar mutum ta zo ne daga hikima, ilimi, gogewa, ƙimar ɗabi'a, baiwar jagoranci, sadaukarwa da sauransu.A matsayinsa na ƙwararren shugaba, martabar mutum tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙara ƙarfin da aka tsara.
[Sentiment] A cikin tsarin ilmantarwa na gudanarwa, wajibi ne a daidaita dangantaka tsakanin iko da daraja.Kodayake iko na iya ba da wasu iko da tasiri ga manajoji, martabar mutum daidai take da mahimmanci ga manajoji.Manajan da ke da babban darajar yana iya samun goyon baya da goyon bayan ma'aikata, don haka inganta ci gaban kungiyar yadda ya kamata.Masu gudanarwa na iya inganta ilimin su da iyawar su ta hanyar ci gaba da koyo da aiki;Kafa kyawawan halaye ta hanyar gaskiya da rikon amana, rashin son kai;Ƙirƙirar dangantaka mai zurfi ta hanyar kula da ma'aikata da sauraron ra'ayoyinsu da shawarwarinsu;Nuna salon jagoranci ta hanyar ruhin daukar nauyi da jajircewa wajen daukar alhaki.Manajoji suna buƙatar mai da hankali ga haɓakawa da kiyaye martabar mutum yayin yin iko.Dogaro da yawa akan mulki na iya haifar da juriya ga ma'aikata, yayin da yin watsi da martaba na iya shafar ikon shugabanni.Don haka, manajoji suna buƙatar samun daidaito tsakanin iko da daraja don cimma kyakkyawan sakamako na jagoranci.
Wu Pengpeng Ding Songlin Sun Wen
Abstract: A cikin kowane maɓalli na zamantakewa, ruhun ƙididdigewa zai iya motsa mutane sha'awar aiki da haɓaka motsin su.Baya ga sabbin ruhin shugabanni, sabon ruhin dukkan ma'aikata shima ya zama dole.Kuma zai iya ƙara wannan fom idan ya cancanta.Wannan shi ne ƙarfin da ke sa kamfani ya yi ƙarfi, musamman a lokuta masu wahala.
[Jin] Ruhun kirkire-kirkire muhimmin abin motsa jiki ne don inganta ci gaban zamantakewa, ci gaban kasuwanci da ci gaban mutum.Ko da gwamnati, kamfanoni ko daidaikun mutane, suna buƙatar ci gaba da haɓaka sabbin abubuwa don dacewa da yanayin da ke canzawa koyaushe.Ƙirƙirar ruhi na iya motsa sha'awar mutane ga aiki.Lokacin da ma'aikata ke da sha'awar aikinsu, za su kasance da himma ga aikinsu, don haka inganta ingantaccen aiki da inganci.Kuma ruhin kirkire-kirkire na daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke kara kuzari ga ma'aikata.Ta hanyar ƙoƙarin ƙoƙarin sababbin hanyoyi, sababbin fasaha da sababbin ra'ayoyi, ma'aikata za su iya samun jin dadi a cikin aikin su kuma don haka suna son aikin su.Ƙirƙirar ruhi na iya haɓaka motsin mutane.A cikin fuskantar matsaloli da ƙalubale, ma'aikatan da ke da sabbin ruhi na iya fuskantar matsaloli sau da yawa kuma da ƙarfin hali su gwada sabbin hanyoyin warwarewa.Wannan ruhun jajircewa don ƙalubalanci ba zai iya taimakawa kamfanoni kawai su shawo kan matsaloli ba, har ma ya kawo ƙarin damar haɓaka ga ma'aikata.
Zhang Dan, Kong Qingling
Abstract: Sarrafa yana taka rawa ta kowane fanni, wanda zai iya sarrafa mutane, abubuwa da kowane irin ɗabi'a.Daga hangen nesa na gudanarwa, sarrafawa shine tabbatar da ƙirƙira, aiwatarwa da sake fasalin tsare-tsaren kasuwanci a kan lokaci, da sauransu.
[Jin] Sarrafawa shine kwatanta ko kowane aiki ya dace da tsarin, gano gazawa da kurakurai a cikin aikin, kuma mafi kyawun tabbatar da aiwatar da shirin.Gudanarwa al'ada ce, kuma sau da yawa muna fuskantar matsaloli, don haka muna buƙatar yin tunani gaba: yadda za a sarrafa shi.
"Abin da mutane ke yi ba shine abin da kuke tambaya ba, amma abin da kuke dubawa."A lokacin samar da balagaggen ma'aikata, sau da yawa ana samun masu zartarwa waɗanda ke da yakinin cewa sun fahimci cikakken tsari da tsari, amma akwai ragi da karkata a cikin tsarin aiwatarwa.Idan muka waiwaya baya da bita, sau da yawa za mu iya samun riba mai yawa ta hanyar yin bitar haɗin gwiwa, sannan mu taƙaita abubuwan da aka samu zuwa mahimman bayanai.Zane yana da tasiri sosai a cikin tsarin aiwatarwa.Ko da akwai tsari, ƙira da tsari, ya zama dole a bincika kuma akai-akai daidaita hanyar sadarwar manufa.
Na uku, a karkashin manufar da aka kafa, ya kamata mu hada kayan aiki ta hanyar sadarwa, mu lalata manufar, "wanda shine burinsa, wanda ke motsa shi", daidaita bukatun shugabannin ayyuka na ainihin lokaci, daidaitawa da taimaka musu don cimma burin da kyau.
02 sharhin malami
Littafin Gudanar da Masana'antu da Gudanarwa na Gabaɗaya aiki ne na yau da kullun a fagen gudanarwa, wanda ke da ma'ana mai girma ga fahimta da ƙwarewar ka'idar da aikin gudanarwa.Da farko, Fa Yueer ya ɗauki gudanarwa a matsayin wani aiki mai zaman kansa kuma ya bambanta shi da sauran ayyukan kamfani.Wannan ra'ayi yana ba mu sabon hangen nesa don kallon gudanarwa kuma yana taimaka mana mu fahimci mahimmanci da mahimmancin gudanarwa.Har ila yau, Fa Yueer yana tunanin cewa gudanarwa wani tsarin ilimi ne mai tsauri, wanda za a iya amfani da shi ga nau'o'in kungiyoyi daban-daban, wanda ke ba mu kyakkyawar hangen nesa don kallon gudanarwa.
Na biyu, ka'idojin gudanarwa guda 14 da Fa Yueer ya gabatar na da matukar ma'ana wajen jagorantar ayyukan masana'antu da dabi'un manajoji.An tsara waɗannan ka'idodin don cimma manufofin kamfanoni, kamar rarraba aiki, iko da nauyi, horo, umarni ɗaya, jagoranci ɗaya da sauransu.Wadannan ka'idoji sune ka'idodin asali waɗanda dole ne a bi su a cikin gudanarwar masana'antu kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka inganci da fa'idar kamfanoni.
Bugu da ƙari, abubuwan gudanarwa guda biyar na Fa Yueer, wato, tsarawa, tsari, umarni, daidaitawa da sarrafawa, suna ba mu cikakkiyar tsari don fahimtar tsari da ainihin gudanarwa.Wadannan abubuwa guda biyar sun zama ainihin tsarin gudanarwa, wanda ke da ma'ana mai girma don jagorantar mu don aiwatar da ka'idar gudanarwa a aikace.A ƙarshe, na yaba sosai da tsantsan da Fa Yueer ya haɗa da hanyoyin tunani na falsafa da yawa a cikin littafinsa.Wannan ya sa wannan littafi ba kawai aikin gudanarwa ba ne kawai, amma kuma littafi ne mai cike da hikima da wayewa.Ta hanyar karanta wannan littafi, za mu iya fahimtar ra'ayi da mahimmancin gudanarwa, fahimtar ka'idar da aikin gudanarwa, da kuma ba da jagoranci da haske don aikinmu na gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-06-2023