Covid-19 (2019-nCoV) ya haifar da ɗaruruwan miliyoyin kamuwa da cuta da kuma mutuwar miliyoyin mutane tun bayan barkewar cutar a ƙarshen 2019, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama gaggawa ta lafiya a duniya. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta gabatar da "nau'ikan damuwa guda biyar"[1], wato Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta da Omicron, kuma nau'in Omicron mutant shine nau'in da ya fi yawa a cikin annobar duniya a yanzu. Bayan kamuwa da cutar Omicron mutant, alamun ba su da yawa, amma ga mutane na musamman kamar mutanen da ke fama da rashin garkuwar jiki, tsofaffi, cututtuka na yau da kullun da yara, haɗarin kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani ko ma mutuwa bayan kamuwa da cuta har yanzu yana da yawa. Adadin mace-macen nau'ikan mutant a Omicron, bayanai na zahiri sun nuna cewa matsakaicin adadin mace-macen yana kusan 0.75%, wanda ya ninka sau 7 zuwa 8 na mura, kuma adadin mace-macen tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka haura shekaru 80, ya wuce 10%, wanda kusan sau 100 na mura ta yau da kullun ne.[2]Alamomin kamuwa da cuta a asibiti sune zazzaɓi, tari, bushewar makogwaro, ciwon makogwaro, ciwon tsoka, da sauransu. Marasa lafiya masu tsanani na iya samun rashin isasshen numfashi da/ko ƙarancin iskar oxygen.
Akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta na mura guda huɗu: A, B, C da D. Manyan nau'ikan annoba sune ƙananan nau'ikan A (H1N1) da H3N2, da nau'in B (Victoria da Yamagata). Mura da ƙwayar cuta ta mura ke haifarwa za ta haifar da annobar yanayi da annoba da ba a iya faɗi ba kowace shekara, tare da yawan kamuwa da ita. A cewar ƙididdiga, kimanin mutane miliyan 3.4 ne ke kamuwa da cututtuka masu kama da mura kowace shekara.[3]kuma kimanin mutane 88,100 da suka kamu da cututtukan numfashi da suka shafi mura sun mutu, wanda ya kai kashi 8.2% na mace-macen cututtukan numfashi.[4]Alamomin asibiti sun haɗa da zazzabi, ciwon kai, ciwon tsoka da tari busasshe. Ƙungiyoyin da ke da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar, kamar mata masu juna biyu, jarirai, tsofaffi da marasa lafiya da ke fama da cututtuka na yau da kullun, suna iya kamuwa da ciwon huhu da sauran matsaloli, wanda zai iya haifar da mutuwa a cikin mawuyacin hali.
1 COVID-19 tare da haɗarin mura.
Kamuwa da cutar mura tare da COVID-19 na iya ƙara ta'azzara tasirin cutar. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a Birtaniya ya nuna cewa[5], idan aka kwatanta da kamuwa da COVID-19 kawai, haɗarin samun iska ta injina da kuma haɗarin mutuwar asibiti a cikin marasa lafiya da ke ɗauke da cutar COVID-19 da ke ɗauke da cutar mura ya ƙaru da sau 4.14 da kuma sau 2.35.
Kwalejin Likitanci ta Tongji ta Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Huazhong ta buga wani bincike[6], wanda ya haɗa da bincike 95 da suka shafi marasa lafiya 62,107 da ke fama da COVID-19. Yawan kamuwa da cutar mura tare da kwayar cutar ya kai kashi 2.45%, wanda daga ciki mura A ta kai wani babban kaso. Idan aka kwatanta da marasa lafiya da suka kamu da COVID-19 kawai, marasa lafiya da suka kamu da mura tare da A suna da haɗarin kamuwa da mummunan sakamako, gami da shigar da ICU, tallafin iska ta inji da mutuwa. Duk da cewa yawan kamuwa da cutar tare yana da ƙasa, marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar tare suna fuskantar haɗarin mummunan sakamako.
Wani bincike na meta ya nuna cewa[7], idan aka kwatanta da B-stream, A-stream ya fi yiwuwa ya kamu da COVID-19 tare. Daga cikin marasa lafiya 143 da suka kamu da cutar tare, kashi 74% sun kamu da A-stream, kuma kashi 20% sun kamu da B-stream. Kamuwa da cuta tare na iya haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani ga marasa lafiya, musamman a tsakanin ƙungiyoyi masu rauni kamar yara.
Binciken da aka gudanar kan yara da matasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 waɗanda aka kwantar a asibiti ko suka mutu sakamakon mura a lokacin mura a Amurka a shekarar 2021-22 ya gano cewa[8]cewa abin da ya faru na kamuwa da cutar mura tare a COVID-19 ya cancanci kulawa. Daga cikin shari'o'in da suka shafi mura da suka shafi asibiti, kashi 6% sun kamu da cutar COVID-19 da mura tare, kuma adadin mace-macen da suka shafi mura ya karu zuwa 16%. Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa marasa lafiya da suka kamu da cutar COVID-19 da mura tare suna buƙatar tallafin numfashi mai haɗari da mara haɗari fiye da waɗanda suka kamu da mura kawai, kuma ya nuna cewa kamuwa da cutar tare na iya haifar da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani ga yara.
2 Bambancin ganewar cutar mura da COVID-19.
Sabbin cututtuka da mura suna da matuƙar yaduwa, kuma akwai kamanceceniya a wasu alamomin asibiti, kamar zazzabi, tari da kuma myalgia. Duk da haka, tsarin maganin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu ya bambanta, kuma magungunan rigakafi da ake amfani da su sun bambanta. A lokacin jiyya, magunguna na iya canza bayyanar cututtuka na yau da kullun, wanda hakan ke sa ya fi wahala a gano cutar ta hanyar alamun cutar kawai. Saboda haka, ganewar asali game da COVID-19 da mura yana buƙatar dogara da gano bambancin ƙwayoyin cuta don tabbatar da cewa marasa lafiya za su iya samun magani mai dacewa da inganci.
Shawarwari da dama da aka cimma matsaya a kansu kan gano cutar da kuma magani sun nuna cewa gano ainihin cutar COVID-19 da kuma kwayar cutar mura ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje yana da matukar muhimmanci wajen tsara tsarin magani mai ma'ana.
Tsarin Ganewar Cututtuka da Maganinsu na Mura (Bugu na 2020)》[9]da kuma 《Ganewar Cututtukan Mura da Maganinsu na Manya Yarjejeniyar Gaggawa ta Kwararru (Bugu na 2022)》[10]duk sun bayyana karara cewa mura tana kama da wasu cututtuka a cikin COVID-19, kuma COVID-19 yana da alamu masu sauƙi da na yau da kullun kamar zazzabi, tari busasshe da ciwon makogwaro, wanda ba shi da sauƙin bambancewa da mura; Bayyanar cututtuka masu tsanani da mahimmanci sun haɗa da ciwon huhu mai tsanani, ciwon damuwa na numfashi mai tsanani da kuma rashin aikin gabobin jiki, waɗanda suke kama da bayyanar cututtuka na mura mai tsanani da mai tsanani, kuma suna buƙatar a bambanta su ta hanyar asalin cutar.
"Sabon tsarin gano cutar coronavirus da magani (bugu na goma don aiwatar da gwaji"[11]ya ambaci cewa ya kamata a bambanta kamuwa da cutar Covid-19 da kamuwa da cutar numfashi ta sama da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa.
Bambance-bambance 3 a cikin maganin mura da kamuwa da cutar COVID-19
2019-nCoV da mura cututtuka ne daban-daban da ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban ke haifarwa, kuma hanyoyin magance su sun bambanta. Amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta yadda ya kamata na iya hana manyan matsaloli da haɗarin mutuwa daga cututtukan biyu.
Ana ba da shawarar a yi amfani da ƙananan magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta kamar Nimatvir/Ritonavir, Azvudine, Monola da magungunan hana ƙwayoyin cuta kamar allurar rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta ta Ambaviruzumab/Romisvir a cikin COVID-19[12].
Magungunan hana mura galibi suna amfani da masu hana neuraminidase (oseltamivir, zanamivir), masu hana hemagglutinin (Abidor) da masu hana RNA polymerase (Mabaloxavir), waɗanda ke da tasiri mai kyau akan ƙwayoyin cuta na mura A da B da ake da su a yanzu.[13].
Zaɓar maganin rigakafi mai dacewa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga maganin 2019-nCoV da mura. Saboda haka, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gano ƙwayoyin cuta a sarari don jagorantar magunguna na asibiti.
4 Kayayyakin COVID-19/ Mura A / Influenza B duba haɗin gwiwa uku samfuran nucleic acid
Wannan samfurin yana ba da damar gano bayanai cikin sauri da daidaitoƙwayoyin cuta na f 2019-nCoV, mura A da mura B, kuma yana taimakawa wajen bambance 2019-nCoV da mura, cututtuka biyu masu kamuwa da cutar numfashi masu alamun asibiti iri ɗaya amma dabarun magani daban-daban. Ta hanyar gano cutar, yana iya jagorantar haɓaka shirye-shiryen magani da aka yi niyya da kuma tabbatar da cewa marasa lafiya za su iya samun magani mai dacewa akan lokaci.
Jimlar mafita:
Tarin samfura--Haɗa sinadarin Nucleic acid--Reagent na ganowa--haɗarin sarkar polymerase
Ganowa daidai: gano Covid-19 (ORF1ab, N), kwayar cutar mura A da kwayar cutar mura B a cikin bututu ɗaya.
Mai matuƙar tasiri: LOD na Covid-19 shine kwafi 300 a/mL, kuma na ƙwayoyin cutar mura A da B shine kwafi 500 a/mL.
Cikakken bayani: Covid-19 ya haɗa da dukkan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta masu maye gurbi da aka sani, tare da mura A, gami da H1N1 na yanayi, H3N2, H1N1 2009, H5N1, H7N9, da sauransu, da mura B, gami da nau'ikan Victoria da Yamagata, don tabbatar da cewa ba za a rasa gano su ba.
Ingantaccen tsarin kula da inganci: tsarin kula da inganci mara kyau/mai kyau da aka gina a ciki, tsarin kula da inganci na ciki da kuma tsarin UDG mai ninki huɗu, sa ido kan abubuwan da ake amfani da su da kuma ayyukan da ake gudanarwa don tabbatar da sahihancin sakamako.
Ana amfani da shi sosai: ya dace da kayan aikin PCR na yau da kullun mai haske mai tashoshi huɗu a kasuwa.
Cirewa ta atomatik: tare da Macro & Micro-Tmafi girmaTsarin cire sinadarin nucleic acid ta atomatik da kuma reagents na cirewa, ingantaccen aiki da kuma daidaiton sakamako sun inganta.
Bayanin samfur
Nassoshi
1. Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya. Bibiyar bambance-bambancen SARS‑CoV‑2[EB/OL]. (2022‑12‑01) [2023‑01‑08]. https://www.who.int/activities/tracking‑SARS‑CoV‑2‑variants.
2. Fassarar Mai Iko _ Liang Wannian: Yawan mace-mace a Omicron ya ninka na mura sau 7 zuwa 8 _ Mura _ Annoba _ Mick _ Sina News.http://k.sina.com.cn/article_3121600265_ba0fd7090010198ol.html.
3. Feng LZ, Feng S, Chen T, da sauransu. Nauyin shawarwari kan rashin lafiya kamar mura a ƙasar Sin da ke da alaƙa da mura, 2006-2015: wani bincike da ya dogara da yawan jama'a[J]. Cututtukan Numfashi na Mura, 2020, 14(2): 162-172.
4. Li L, Liu YN, Wu P, da sauransu. Yawan mace-mace a numfashi da ke da alaƙa da mura a China, 2010-15: wani bincike da ya dogara da yawan jama'a[J]. Lancet Public Health, 2019, 4(9): e473-e481.
5. Swets MC, Russell CD, Harrison EM, da sauransu. SARS-CoV-2 kamuwa da cuta tare da ƙwayoyin cuta na mura, ƙwayar cuta ta numfashi, ko adenoviruses. Lancet. 2022; 399(10334):1463-1464.
6. Yan X, Li K, Lei Z, Luo J, Wang Q, Wei S. Yaɗuwa da sakamakon kamuwa da cuta tsakanin SARS-CoV-2 da mura: bita mai tsari da kuma nazarin meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2023; 136:29-36.
7. Dao TL, Hoang VT, Colson P, Million M, Gautret P. Haɗakar kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na SARS-CoV-2 da mura: Bita mai tsari da nazarin meta. J Clin Virol Plus. Satumba 2021; 1(3):100036.
8. Adams K, Tastad KJ, Huang S, da sauransu. Yaɗuwar SARS-CoV-2 da Mura da Halayen Asibiti Tsakanin Yara da Matasa 'Yan ƙasa da Shekaru 18 da aka kwantar da su a asibiti ko suka mutu sakamakon Mura - Amurka, Lokacin Mura na 2021-22. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022; 71(50):1589-1596.
9. Kwamitin Lafiya da Lafiya na Ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin (PRC), gwamnatin jiha ta maganin gargajiya na ƙasar Sin. Shirin Gano Cututtuka da Maganin Mura (Bugu na 2020) [J]. Mujallar Sin ta Cututtukan Cututtukan Asibiti, 2020, 13(6): 401-405,411.
10. Sashen Likitoci na Gaggawa na Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta China, Sashen Magungunan Gaggawa na Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta China, Ƙungiyar Likitocin Gaggawa ta China, Ƙungiyar Likitocin Gaggawa ta Beijing, Kwamitin Ƙwararrun Likitocin Gaggawa na Rundunar 'Yantar da Jama'a ta China. Yarjejeniyar Ƙwararrun Likitocin Gaggawa kan Gano da Magance Mura da Mura ta Manya (Bugu na 2022) [J]. Mujallar Magungunan Kula da Lafiya Mai Muhimmanci ta China, 2022, 42(12): 1013-1026.
11. Ofishin Babban Kwamitin Lafiya da Lafiya na Jiha, Sashen Babban Kwamitin Gudanar da Magungunan Gargajiya na Jiha na Sin. Sanarwa kan Bugawa da Rarraba Sabon Tsarin Gano Cututtuka da Maganinsu na Coronavirus (Buga na Goma na Gwaji).
12. Zhang Fujie, Zhuo Wang, Wang Quanhong, da sauransu. Masana sun amince kan maganin rigakafi ga sabbin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar coronavirus [J]. Mujallar Sinanci ta Cututtukan Cututtukan Asibiti, 2023, 16(1): 10-20.
13. Sashen Likitoci na Gaggawa na Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta China, Sashen Magungunan Gaggawa na Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta China, Ƙungiyar Likitocin Gaggawa ta China, Ƙungiyar Likitocin Gaggawa ta Beijing, Kwamitin Ƙwararrun Likitocin Gaggawa na Rundunar 'Yantar da Jama'a ta China. Yarjejeniyar Ƙwararrun Likitocin Gaggawa kan Gano da Magance Mura Mai Yawa (Bugu na 2022) [J]. Mujallar Magungunan Kula da Lafiya Mai Tsanani ta China, 2022, 42(12): 1013-1026.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-29-2024