Covid-19 (2019-nCoV) ya haifar da ɗaruruwan miliyoyin cututtuka da kuma mutuwar miliyoyin mutane tun barkewar ta a ƙarshen 2019, abin da ya sa ya zama gaggawar lafiyar duniya.Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta gabatar da "nauyin damuwa" guda biyar[1], wato Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta da Omicron, da kuma Omicron mutant nau'in shine babban nau'in annoba a duniya a halin yanzu.Bayan kamuwa da mutantan Omicron, alamun suna da ɗan sauƙi, amma ga mutane na musamman kamar mutanen da ba su da rigakafi, tsofaffi, cututtuka na yau da kullun da yara, haɗarin rashin lafiya mai tsanani ko ma mutuwa bayan kamuwa da cuta yana da girma.Adadin mace-mace na nau'ikan mutant a cikin Omicron, bayanan duniya na ainihi sun nuna cewa matsakaicin adadin masu mutuwa ya kai kusan 0.75%, wanda shine kusan sau 7 zuwa 8 na mura, da kuma yawan mace-macen tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka haura shekaru 80. tsoho, ya wuce 10%, wanda shine kusan sau 100 na mura[2].Alamomin asibiti na yau da kullun na kamuwa da cuta sune zazzabi, tari, bushewar makogwaro, ciwon makogwaro, myalgia, da sauransu. Marasa lafiya mai tsanani na iya samun dyspnea da/ko hypoxemia.
Akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta na mura iri huɗu: A, B, C da D. Babban nau'ikan annoba sune nau'in nau'in A (H1N1) da H3N2, da nau'in B (Victoria da Yamagata).Murar da kwayar cutar mura za ta haifar da annoba na yanayi da kuma bala'in da ba a iya tsammani a kowace shekara, tare da yawan kamuwa da cuta.Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, kimanin mutane miliyan 3.4 ne ake kula da cututtuka masu kama da mura a kowace shekara[3], kuma kusan 88,100 lokuta na cututtukan mura da suka shafi numfashi suna haifar da mutuwa, adadin 8.2% na mutuwar cututtukan numfashi[4].Alamomin asibiti sun hada da zazzabi, ciwon kai, myalgia da bushewar tari.Ƙungiyoyi masu haɗari, irin su mata masu juna biyu, jarirai, tsofaffi da marasa lafiya masu fama da cututtuka, suna da wuyar kamuwa da ciwon huhu da sauran matsalolin, wanda zai iya haifar da mutuwa a lokuta masu tsanani.
1 COVID-19 tare da haɗarin mura.
Cututtukan mura tare da COVID-19 na iya tsananta tasirin cutar.Wani bincike na Birtaniya ya nuna haka[5], idan aka kwatanta da kamuwa da cutar COVID-19 kadai, haɗarin iskar injina da haɗarin mutuwar asibiti a cikin marasa lafiya na COVID-19 masu kamuwa da cutar mura ya karu da sau 4.14 da sau 2.35.
Kwalejin Kimiya ta Tongji ta Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Huazhong ta buga wani bincike[6], wanda ya haɗa da nazarin 95 da ya shafi marasa lafiya 62,107 a cikin COVID-19.Yawan kamuwa da kwayar cutar mura ya kai kashi 2.45%, daga cikin abin da mura A ke da adadi mai yawa.Idan aka kwatanta da marasa lafiya da suka kamu da COVID-19 kawai, marasa lafiyar da suka kamu da mura A suna da babban haɗarin sakamako mai tsanani, gami da shigar da ICU, tallafin iskar inji da mutuwa.Kodayake yawan kamuwa da cutar ya ragu, marasa lafiya tare da kamuwa da cuta suna fuskantar haɗarin haɗari mai tsanani.
A meta-bincike ya nuna cewa[7], idan aka kwatanta da rafi na B, A-rafi yana iya kamuwa da cutar tare da COVID-19.Daga cikin majinyata 143 da suka kamu da cutar, kashi 74% na kamuwa da A-rafi, kuma kashi 20% na kamuwa da cutar ta B-rafi.Kamuwa da cuta na iya haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani na marasa lafiya, musamman a tsakanin ƙungiyoyi masu rauni kamar yara.
Bincike kan yara da matasa 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 da aka kwantar da su a asibiti ko kuma suka mutu sakamakon mura a lokacin mura a Amurka a cikin 2021-22[8]cewa lamarin kamuwa da cuta tare da mura a cikin COVID-19 ya cancanci kulawa.Daga cikin lamuran asibiti masu alaƙa da mura, kashi 6% sun kamu da COVID-19 da mura, kuma adadin mutuwar masu kamuwa da mura ya karu zuwa 16%.Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa marasa lafiya da ke kamuwa da cutar ta COVID-19 da mura suna buƙatar tallafin numfashi na ɓarna da mara ƙarfi fiye da waɗanda ke kamuwa da mura kawai, kuma ya nuna cewa kamuwa da cutar na iya haifar da haɗarin cututtuka mafi muni a cikin yara. .
2 Bambance-bambancen ganewar cutar mura da COVID-19.
Dukansu sababbin cututtuka da mura suna da saurin yaduwa, kuma akwai kamanceceniya a wasu alamomin asibiti, kamar zazzabi, tari da myalgia.Duk da haka, tsarin kula da waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu sun bambanta, kuma magungunan rigakafin da ake amfani da su sun bambanta.A lokacin jiyya, kwayoyi na iya canza yanayin bayyanar cututtuka na al'ada, yana sa ya fi wuya a gano cutar ta hanyar bayyanar cututtuka kawai.Don haka, ingantaccen ganewar asali na COVID-19 da mura yana buƙatar dogaro da gano bambancin ƙwayoyin cuta don tabbatar da cewa marasa lafiya za su iya samun ingantaccen magani mai inganci.
Shawarwari da yawa na yarda akan ganewar asali da magani suna ba da shawarar cewa ingantaccen gano COVID-19 da ƙwayar mura ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje yana da matukar mahimmanci don tsara tsarin jiyya mai ma'ana.
Tsarin Ganewar Mura da Tsarin Jiyya (Bugu na 2020)》[9]da 《Ganewar cutar mura ta manya da Ijma'in ƙwararrun Ma'aikatan gaggawa na gaggawa (Bugu na 2022)》[10]duk sun bayyana a fili cewa mura tana kama da wasu cututtuka a cikin COVID-19, kuma COVID-19 yana da sauƙi kuma na yau da kullun kamar zazzabi, bushewar tari da ciwon makogwaro, wanda ba shi da sauƙin bambanta da mura;Abubuwa masu tsanani da mahimmanci sun haɗa da ciwon huhu mai tsanani, ciwo mai tsanani na numfashi na numfashi da kuma rashin aiki na gabobin jiki, wanda yayi kama da bayyanar cututtuka na mura mai tsanani da mahimmanci, kuma yana buƙatar bambanta ta hanyar ilimin etiology.
《novel coronavirus ganewar asali da tsarin magani (bugu na goma don aiwatar da gwaji》[11]An bayyana cewa ya kamata a bambanta kamuwa da cutar ta Covid-19 da kamuwa da cutar numfashi ta sama da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa.
3 Bambance-bambance a cikin maganin mura da kamuwa da COVID-19
2019-nCoV da mura cututtuka ne daban-daban da ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban ke haifar da su, kuma hanyoyin magani sun bambanta.Yin amfani da magungunan antiviral daidai zai iya hana rikice-rikice masu tsanani da haɗarin mutuwa na cututtuka biyu.
Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta irin su Nimatvir/Ritonavir, Azvudine, Monola da kawar da magungunan rigakafin kamar su Ambaviruzumab/Romisvir monoclonal antibody allura a cikin COVID-19[12].
Magungunan rigakafin mura galibi suna amfani da masu hana neuraminidase (oseltamivir, zanamivir), masu hana hemagglutinin (Abidor) da RNA polymerase inhibitors (Mabaloxavir), waɗanda ke da tasiri mai kyau akan shahararrun ƙwayoyin cutar mura A da B na yanzu.[13].
Zaɓin tsarin rigakafin da ya dace yana da mahimmanci sosai don maganin 2019-nCoV da mura.Sabili da haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a gano ƙwayoyin cuta a fili don jagorantar magungunan asibiti.
4 COVID-19 / mura A / mura B sau uku hadin gwiwa duba kayayyakin nucleic acid
Wannan samfurin yana ba da sauri da ingantaccen ganewa of 2019-nCoV, mura A da mura B ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma yana taimakawa wajen bambance 2019-nCoV da mura, cututtuka na numfashi guda biyu masu kama da alamun asibiti amma dabarun magani daban-daban.Ta hanyar gano ƙwayoyin cuta, zai iya jagorantar ci gaban asibiti na shirye-shiryen jiyya da aka yi niyya da kuma tabbatar da cewa marasa lafiya na iya samun magani mai dacewa a cikin lokaci.
Jimlar bayani:
Samfurin tarin--hakar acid na Nucleic--Gano reagent--polymerase sarkar dauki
Daidaitaccen ganewa: gano Covid-19 (ORF1ab, N), cutar mura A da cutar mura B a cikin bututu guda ɗaya.
Mai tsananin hankali: LOD na Covid-19 kwafi 300 ne/mL, kuma na mura A da ƙwayoyin B shine kwafi 500/ml.
Cikakken ɗaukar hoto: Covid-19 ya haɗa da duk sanannun nau'ikan mutant, tare da mura A ciki har da H1N1 na yanayi, H3N2, H1N1 2009, H5N1, H7N9, da sauransu, da mura B gami da nau'in Victoria da Yamagata, don tabbatar da cewa ba za a rasa ba. ganowa.
Amintaccen ingantaccen iko: ginanniyar ingantacciyar kulawa / ingantaccen iko, tunani na ciki da UDG enzyme iko mai inganci mai ninki huɗu, masu saka idanu da ayyukan don tabbatar da ingantaccen sakamako.
An yi amfani da shi sosai: mai jituwa tare da kayan aikin PCR na yau da kullun na tashoshi huɗu a kasuwa.
Hakar atomatik: tare da Macro & Micro-Testatomatik nucleic acid hakar tsarin da kuma hakar reagents, da aiki yadda ya dace da kuma daidaito na sakamakon da aka inganta.
Bayanin samfur
Magana
1. Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya.Bibiyar bambance-bambancen SARS-CoV-2[EB/OL].(2022-12-01) [2023-01-08].https://www.who.int/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-bambance-bambancen.
2. Fassarar Iko _Liang Wannian: Yawan mace-mace a Omicron ya ninka na mura sau 7 zuwa 8
3. Feng LZ, Feng S, Chen T, et al.Nauyin shawarwarin marasa lafiya na mura kamar mura a China, 2006-2015: nazarin yawan jama'a[J].Mura Wasu Kwayoyin Huɗa, 2020, 14 (2): 162-172.
4. Li L, Liu YN, Wu P, et al.Yawan mace-macen numfashi da ke da alaƙa da mura a China, 2010-15: binciken tushen yawan jama'a[J].Lafiyar Jama'a Lancet, 2019, 4 (9): e473-e481.
5. Swets MC, Russell CD, Harrison EM, et al.SARS-CoV-2 co-kamuwa da cuta tare da mura ƙwayoyin cuta, numfashi syncytial cutar, ko adenoviruses.Lancet.2022;399 (10334): 1463-1464.
6. Yan X, Li K, Lei Z, Luo J, Wang Q, Wei S. Yawaitawa da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi haɗin kai tsakanin SARS-CoV-2 da mura: nazari na yau da kullun da meta-bincike.Int J Infect Dis.2023;136:29-36.
7. Dao TL, Hoang VT, Colson P, Million M, Gautret P. Co-kamuwa da cuta na SARS-CoV-2 da mura ƙwayoyin cuta: A tsarin nazari da meta-bincike.J Clin Virol Plus.2021 Satumba;1 (3): 100036.
8. Adams K, Tastad KJ, Huang S, et al.Yawaitar SARS-CoV-2 da Cutar Cutar Mura da Halayen Clinical Tsakanin Yara da Matasa Masu Shekaru <18 waɗanda ke asibiti ko suka mutu tare da mura - Amurka, Lokacin mura na 2021-22.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Wakili 2022;71 (50): 1589-1596.
9. Kwamitin kula da lafiya da jin dadin jama'ar kasar Sin (PRC), kula da magungunan gargajiya na kasar Sin.Shirin Ganewar Mura da Magani (Bugu na 2020) [J].Jaridar kasar Sin na Cututtuka masu Yaduwa, 2020, 13 (6): 401-405,411.
10. Reshen Likitan gaggawa na kungiyar likitocin kasar Sin, reshen likitancin gaggawa na kungiyar likitocin kasar Sin, kungiyar likitocin gaggawa ta kasar Sin, kungiyar likitocin gaggawa ta Beijing, kwamitin kwararrun likitocin gaggawa na 'yantar da jama'ar kasar Sin.Yarjejeniyar Kwararru na Gaggawa akan Ciwon Cutar Murar Manya da Magani (Bugu na 2022) [J].Mujallar Sinanci na likitancin kulawa mai mahimmanci, 2022, 42 (12): 1013-1026.
11. Babban ofishin hukumar lafiya da jin dadin jama'a na jihar, babban sashin kula da magungunan gargajiya na kasar Sin.Sanarwa akan Bugawa da Rarraba sabon labari na Cutar Cutar Cutar Coronavirus da Tsarin Jiyya (Bugu na Goma na gwaji).
12. Zhang Fujie, Zhuo Wang, Wang Quanhong, da dai sauransu.Ijma'in ƙwararru game da maganin rigakafin ƙwayar cuta don mutanen da suka kamu da cutar coronavirus [J].Jaridar Sinanci na Cututtukan Cutar Cutar, 2023, 16 (1): 10-20.
13. Reshen Likitan gaggawa na kungiyar likitocin kasar Sin, reshen likitancin gaggawa na kungiyar likitocin kasar Sin, kungiyar likitocin gaggawa ta kasar Sin, kungiyar likitocin gaggawa ta Beijing, kwamitin kwararrun likitocin gaggawa na 'yantar da jama'ar kasar Sin.Yarjejeniyar Kwararru na Gaggawa akan Ciwon Cutar Murar Manya da Magani (Bugu na 2022) [J].Mujallar Sinanci na likitancin kulawa mai mahimmanci, 2022, 42 (12): 1013-1026.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 29-2024