Ire-iren cututtuka shida na numfashi

Cutar Kwayar Cutar Corona ta 2019, wacce aka fi sani da "COVID-19", tana nufin ciwon huhu da kamuwa da cutar SARS-CoV-2 ke haifarwa. SARS-CoV-2 kwayar cuta ce ta kwayar cutar coronavirus wadda ta samo asali daga nau'in β. COVID-19 cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cutar numfashi, kuma galibi jama'a suna da saurin kamuwa da ita. A halin yanzu, tushen kamuwa da cutar galibi marasa lafiya ne da SARS-CoV-2 ke kamuwa da ita, kuma mutanen da suka kamu da cutar ba su da alamun cutar suma na iya zama tushen kamuwa da cutar. Dangane da binciken da ake yi a yanzu game da cututtuka, lokacin kamuwa da cutar shine kwanaki 1-14, galibi kwanaki 3-7. Zazzabi, tari busasshe da gajiya sune manyan alamun cutar. Wasu marasa lafiya kaɗan sun kamu da toshewar hanci, hanci mai gudu, ciwon makogwaro, ciwon myalgia da gudawa.

Mura, wacce aka fi sani da "mura", cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da numfashi wadda kwayar cutar mura ke haifarwa. Tana da saurin yaduwa. Ana yada ta ne ta hanyar tari da atishawa. Yawanci tana yaduwa a lokacin bazara da hunturu. Kwayoyin cutar mura sun kasu zuwa mura A, IFV A, mura B, IFV B, da mura C, IFV C, dukkansu suna cikin kwayar cutar mai danko ne, suna haifar da cututtukan dan adam galibi ga ƙwayoyin cutar mura A da B, kwayar cutar RNA ce mai rarrafe guda daya, mai sassa daban-daban. Kwayar cutar mura A kamuwa da cutar numfashi ce mai tsanani, gami da H1N1, H3N2 da sauran nau'ikan, wadanda ke iya kamuwa da maye gurbi da barkewar cutar a duk duniya. "Shift" yana nufin maye gurbi na kwayar cutar mura A, wanda ke haifar da bullar sabuwar kwayar cuta "subtype". Kwayoyin cutar mura B sun kasu gida biyu, Yamagata da Victoria. Kwayar cutar mura B tana da kwayar cutar antigenic kawai, kuma tana guje wa sa ido da kawar da tsarin garkuwar jikin dan adam ta hanyar maye gurbi. Duk da haka, saurin juyin halittar kwayar cutar mura B ya fi na kwayar cutar mura A ta dan adam jinkiri. Kwayar cutar mura ta B kuma tana iya haifar da cututtukan numfashi na ɗan adam kuma tana haifar da annoba.

Cutar Adenovirus (AdV) ta samo asali ne daga cutar adenovirus mai shayarwa, wadda kwayar halittar DNA ce mai ɗaurewa biyu ba tare da wani abu a cikinta ba. An gano aƙalla nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta guda 90, waɗanda za a iya raba su zuwa ƙananan kwayoyin halitta na AG 7. Cutar AdV na iya haifar da cututtuka iri-iri, ciki har da ciwon huhu, mashako, cystitis, conjunctivitis na ido, cututtukan ciki da kuma encephalitis. Cutar Adenovirus tana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan cutar huhu da ke kama da ta al'umma a cikin yara, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 4%-10% na cutar huhu da al'umma ke kamawa.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) wani nau'in ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne na prokaryotic, wanda ke tsakanin ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, tare da tsarin ƙwayoyin halitta amma babu bangon ƙwayoyin halitta. MP galibi yana haifar da kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi na ɗan adam, musamman a cikin yara da matasa. Yana iya haifar da ciwon huhu na mycoplasma na ɗan adam, kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi na yara da kuma ciwon huhu mara tsari. Alamomin asibiti suna da yawa, yawancinsu sune tari mai tsanani, zazzabi, sanyi, ciwon kai, ciwon makogwaro. Cutar huhu ta sama da ciwon huhu na bronchi sune mafi yawan lokuta. Wasu marasa lafiya na iya tasowa daga kamuwa da cutar numfashi ta sama zuwa ciwon huhu mai tsanani, matsananciyar wahalar numfashi da mutuwa na iya faruwa.

Kwayar cutar numfashi mai suna Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) kwayar cutar RNA ce, wacce take cikin dangin paramyxoviridae. Ana yada ta ta hanyar digowar iska da kuma kusanci kuma ita ce babbar hanyar kamuwa da cutar numfashi a cikin jarirai. Jarirai da suka kamu da cutar RSV na iya kamuwa da cutar bronchiolitis mai tsanani (wanda ake kira bronchiolitis) da kuma ciwon huhu, wanda ke da alaƙa da asma a cikin yara. Jarirai suna da alamun cutar, ciki har da zazzabi mai tsanani, rhinitis, pharyngitis da laryngitis, sannan kuma bronchiolitis da ciwon huhu. Wasu yara marasa lafiya na iya fuskantar matsala da otitis media, pleurisy da myocarditis, da sauransu. Cutar numfashi ta sama ita ce babbar alamar kamuwa da cuta a cikin manya da yara manya.