Martanin Ƙasashe Da Dama ga Ƙungiyar Andes Hantavirus: Tsarin NAAT da Tsarin Halittar Halitta a Matsayin Kayan Aiki Masu Muhimmanci

A watan Afrilun 2026, jirgin ruwan yawon shakatawa na polar da ke ɗauke da tutar HollandMS HondiusTa tashi daga Ushuaia, Argentina. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, wani fasinja ya kamu da zazzabi da ciwon kai, kuma ya mutu a cikin jirgin bayan kwana biyar. Matarsa ​​ma ta yi rashin lafiya ta mutu bayan an kai ta Afirka ta Kudu. Daga baya, wani fasinja ɗan Birtaniya mai shekaru 69 ya kamu da cutar hantavirus kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin kulawa mai zurfi. Ya zuwa ranar 13 ga Mayu, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ruwaito.Mutum 11 sun kamu da cutar da kuma mutuwar mutum 3da ke da alaƙa da barkewar cutar a kan jirgin.

I. Bayani kan Cutar Kwayar cuta da Nau'ikan Cututtuka

Hantaviruses rukuni ne na ƙwayoyin cuta na RNA waɗanda beraye ke ɗauke da su galibi, waɗanda suka fito daga dangin Orthohantavirus a cikin dangin Bunyaviridae. Tsarin halittarsu ya ƙunshisassa uku (L, M, da S), wanda ke ƙunshe da furotin RNA polymerase, glycoproteins, da nucleocapsid da ke dogara da RNA, bi da bi. Dangane da rarrabawar yanki da bayyanar asibiti, an rarraba hantaviruses zuwa cikinmanyan ƙungiyoyi biyu:

Hantavirus na Tsohuwar Duniya(wanda ake samu a Turai, Asiya, da Afirka)Zazzabin Haemorrhagic tare da Ciwon Koda (HFRS)Kwayoyin cuta da suka fi yawa sun haɗa da kwayar cutar Hantaan (HTNV), kwayar cutar Seoul (SEOV), da kwayar cutar Puumala (PUUV). Suna kai hari ga kodan, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar koda, bayyanar zubar jini, kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali, girgiza. Yawan mace-macen da ake samu ya bambanta da nau'in kwayar cutar amma gabaɗaya ya kama daga<1% zuwa 5-15%.

Hantavirus na Sabuwar Duniya(yana yawo a Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka) daliliCiwon Huhu na Hantavirus (HPS)Kwayoyin cuta da suka fi yawa sun haɗa da kwayar cutar Sin Nombre (SNV) da kwayar cutar Andes (ANDV). Suna kai hari ga huhu, suna haifar da kumburin huhu wanda ba ya haifar da bugun zuciya, matsanancin wahalar numfashi, da kuma matsalar zuciya. Alamomin farko sune mura (zazzabi, myalgia, matsalolin ciki), amma cutar na iya ci gaba da zama gazawar numfashi cikin sauri, tare daAdadin mace-mace ya kai kashi 30-50%.

Barkewar jirgin ruwan ya fi faruwa ne sakamakon barkewar cutarAndes virus (ANDV), wanda ke ƙarƙashinCiwon Huhu na Hantavirus (HPS)nau'in ƙasa.

II. Cututtukan Gargajiya na Hantavirus da Andes Virus (HPS)

III. Hanyoyin Yaɗawa

Ana yada cutar Hantavirus ta hanyar amfani dahulɗa kai tsaye da najasa, yau, ko fitsarin beraye da suka kamu da cutar, ko kuma ta hanyarshaƙar najasa mai aerosolSauran hanyoyin da za a iya bi sun haɗa da:

-Cikewa ko ƙagaggen beraye masu kamuwa da cutar;

-Cin abincin da ya gurɓata da fitsari, digo, ko yawu mai kama da beraye;

-Taɓa idanu, hanci, ko baki bayan taɓa abubuwan da suka gurɓata.

Yaɗuwar cutar daga mutum zuwa mutum abu ne mai matuƙar wahalaamma an tabbatar da hakan a matsayinAndes virus (ANDV).

IV. Binciken Mu'amalar Hantavirus ta Duniya - Gwajin Nucleic Acid da Jerin Sunaye a Matsayin Babban Fasaha

Bayan barkewar cutar ANDV, hukumomin lafiya a ƙasashe sama da goma - ciki har da Spain, Burtaniya, Amurka, Kanada, da Switzerland - sun fara bin diddigin masu cutar da kuma sa ido kan killacewa a lokaci guda. Faransa, Amurka, da sauransu sun ci gaba da bin diddigin lafiyar 'yan ƙasarsu da suka dawo daga jirgin ruwan da abin ya shafa.

A cikin wannan martanin gaggawa na ƙasashe da dama,Gwajin sinadarin nucleic acid da kuma jerin kwayoyin halittasun taka muhimmiyar rawa:

-Gwajin sinadarin nucleic acidyana ba da tabbataccen shaida don gano ƙwayoyin cuta cikin sauri;

-Jerin kwayoyin halittayana bayar da shaidar kwayoyin halitta marasa maye gurbinsu don gano tushen kamuwa da cuta, tabbatar da sarkar yaduwar cutar, da kuma tantance canje-canjen ƙwayoyin cuta.

V. Maganin Ganowa don Hantavirus (Musamman Nau'in HPS)

1. Gano Cututtukan da Aka Fi So a Farko

1.1 Gwajin Kulawa (POCT)
Daidaitaccen gwaji da gwajin gaggawa -samfurin-sakamako a cikin awa 1.

1.2 PCR na al'ada

2. Maganin Jerin Abubuwa

Don gano ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma gano barkewar cutar a cikin yanayin da ya dacezazzabin da ba a san asalinsa ba, wahalar numfashi, ko alamun zubar jini.

Babban fasali:

VI. Bayanan Aiki da aka Tabbatar

An cimma nasarar binciken jerin samfuran hantavirus masu inganci ta hanyar kamawa bisa ga dukkan kwayoyin halitta>99% murfin kwayoyin halitta a zurfin 30×.

Tsarin halittar hantavirus da aka yi da ruwa mai tsafta da kuma nazarin rabon nau'in halitta abu ne mai yiwuwa.

VII. Kayan Aiki Masu Alaƙa