Juriyar ƙwayoyin cuta (AMR) ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan barazanar da ke barazana ga lafiyar jama'a a duniya.

Wani muhimmin bincike da aka buga a cikinLancetan kiyasta cewaMutuwa miliyan 1.27 a shekarar 2019 sun faru ne kai tsaye sakamakon juriyar ƙwayoyin cuta (AMR), yayin da kusanAn danganta mutuwar mutane miliyan 5 da kamuwa da cutar AMR ta ƙwayoyin cutaAbin mamaki,Kashi 73% na mace-macen da AMR ke iya haifarwa sun faru ne sakamakon ƙwayoyin cuta guda shida kacal, yana jaddada buƙatar gaggawa ta sa ido mai inganci, rigakafin kamuwa da cuta, kula da ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma gano cutar cikin sauri.

Daga cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta guda uku na Gram-negative sun cancanci kulawa ta musamman:

• · Klebsiella pneumoniae(KPN)
• · Acinetobacter baumannii(Aba)
• · Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA)

Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta suna ƙara jure wa carbapenems—tushen maganin cututtuka masu tsanani na Gram-negative—kuma an san su a duk duniya a matsayin ƙwayoyin cuta masu mahimmanci.

WHO Ta Gano Waɗannan Cututtuka Masu Muhimmanciko kuma Manyan Fifiko

TheJerin Magungunan da Suka Fi Muhimmanci ga Kwayoyin cuta na WHO (BPPL) 2024yana gano ƙwayoyin cuta masu jure wa ƙwayoyin cuta masu buƙatar saka hannun jari cikin gaggawa a sabbin hanyoyin bincike, magani, alluran rigakafi, da dabarun rigakafin kamuwa da cuta.

Daga cikinMai mahimmanci/BabbanFifikopathogens sune:

• · Mai jure wa CarbapenemAcinetobacter baumannii(KAGUWA)
• · Mai jure wa CarbapenemPseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)
• · Enterobacterales masu jure wa Carbapenem (CRE), gami daKlebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)

WHO ta ƙara jaddada cewa magance waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta yana buƙatar cikakken tsari tare da haɗakarwabincike cikin sauri, sa ido, kula da ƙwayoyin cuta (AMS), da kuma rigakafin kamuwa da cuta da kuma kula da su (IPC)maimakon dogaro kawai da ƙirƙirar sabbin magungunan rigakafi.

Jagororin Ƙasashen Duniya Sun Nuna Muhimmancin Gano Gano Gaggawa Cikin Sauri

Yaƙi da AMR yana buƙatar fiye da maganin rigakafi masu inganci - ya dogara da ganewar asali cikin lokaci da kuma daidai.

TheShirin Ayyukan Duniya na WHO Kan Juriyar Kwayoyin cutayana gano ƙarfafa ƙarfin dakin gwaje-gwaje da faɗaɗa samun damar yin bincike mai inganci a matsayin manyan abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci don inganta sa ido da inganta amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta.

A kan wannan tsarin, an gina shi ne bisa gaShirin Binciken Rigakafin Kwayoyin cuta na WHO (2024)yana nuna saurin ganewar asali a matsayin kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don:

• · Taimakawa wajen kula da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta (AMS)
• · Jagorar maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a kan lokaci da kuma dacewa
• · Taimaka wajen hana kamuwa da cuta da kuma kula da ita (IPC)
• · Ƙarfafa sa ido kan AMR
• · Inganta gano barkewar cutar da kuma mayar da martani
• 

Hakazalika,Ƙungiyar Cututtuka Masu Yaɗuwa ta Amurka (IDSA)yana ba da shawarar gano ƙwayoyin cuta cikin sauri, inda akwai, don gano ƙwayoyin cuta da hanyoyin juriya da wuri, yana ba likitoci damar inganta maganin ƙwayoyin cuta da rage yawan shan magungunan rigakafi marasa amfani.

TheƘungiyar Kula da Kwayoyin Halittar Asibiti da Cututtuka Masu Yaɗuwa ta Turai (ESCMID)kuma yana ba da shawarar gano ƙwayoyin cuta masu haifar da carbapenemase cikin sauri don sauƙaƙe aiwatar da matakan hana kamuwa da cuta da kuma maganin ƙwayoyin cuta masu dacewa.

Tare, waɗannan shawarwarin ƙasashen duniya suna ƙarfafa wani saƙo na gama gari:Binciken ƙwayoyin cuta cikin sauri yana zama muhimmin ɓangare na tsarin kula da AMR na zamani.

Fahimtar KPN, Aba da PA

Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN)

K. ciwon huhubabban abin da ke haifar da ciwon huhu da ke da alaƙa da lafiya, kamuwa da cutar jini, kamuwa da cutar urinary tract, da kuma sepsis.

Mai jure wa CarbapenemK. ciwon huhusau da yawa yana ɗauke da kwayoyin halittar carbapenemase waɗanda suka haɗa da: KPC, NDM, OXA-48-like da IMP.

Nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawan kamuwa da cuta na iya haɗa haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta tare da juriya ga magunguna da yawa, suna haifar da ƙalubale masu mahimmanci na warkewa.

Acinetobacter baumannii (Aba)

A. baumanniiyana da juriya sosai kuma yana iya rayuwa a saman muhalli na tsawon lokaci.

Yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da:

• · Barkewar ICU
• · Ciwon huhu da ke da alaƙa da na'urar numfashi (VAP)
• · Cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa a jini
• · Cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da na'ura

Babban ikonsa na samun abubuwan da ke haifar da juriya ya sa carbapenem ya zama mai jure waA. baumanniiɗaya daga cikin cututtukan da suka fi wahalar magani a asibiti.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)

P. aeruginosacuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cuta wacce galibi ke shafar marasa lafiya masu tsananin rashin lafiya da kuma waɗanda ke da rauni a garkuwar jiki.

Juriyar ciki, saurin daidaitawa da kwayoyin halitta, da kuma samuwar biofilm suna taimakawa wajen ci gaba da kamuwa da cuta da kuma ƙara juriyar carbapenem a duk duniya.

Yaɗuwa a Saitunan Kiwon Lafiya

Waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta masu jure wa magunguna da yawa galibi ana yaɗa su ta hanyar:

• · Kayan aikin likitanci da gurɓatattun wurare da muhalli suka shafa
• · Ma'aikatan lafiya
• · Marasa lafiya da suka kamu da cutar ko kuma waɗanda suka yi fama da cutar a cikin mahaifa
• · Fitar numfashi
• · Na'urori masu shiga jiki kamar na'urorin numfashi da catheters

A cewarCibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafi na Amurka (CDC), gano dakin gwaje-gwaje da wuri tare da kula da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma tsauraran matakan rigakafin kamuwa da cuta yana da mahimmanci don rage yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cuta masu jure magunguna da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da kiwon lafiya.

Kalubalen Magani

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani suna ci gaba da zama masu iyaka.

Matsalolin da ake fuskanta a yanzu sun haɗa da:

• · Ƙara juriya ga carbapenem
• · Iyakantaccen samuwa na sabbin magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta
• · Guba da ke da alaƙa da polymyxins
• · Juriyar da ke tasowa ga sabbin wakilai

Saboda haka, jagororin ƙasashen duniya suna ba da shawarar samun shaidar ƙwayoyin cuta a kan lokaci don tallafawa maganin ƙwayoyin cuta da aka yi niyya a duk lokacin da zai yiwu.

Me Yasa Gano Kwayoyin Halitta Cikin Sauri Yake Da Muhimmanci

Gwajin al'ada da gwajin juriya ga ƙwayoyin cuta yawanci yana buƙatarAwanni 48–72kafin a sami sakamako mai kyau.

Gano ƙwayoyin cuta cikin sauri na iya rage wannan lokacin ta hanyar gano ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma kwayoyin halittar da ke da mahimmanci a asibiti, wanda hakan zai taimaka a baya:

• · Maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta masu dacewa
• · Hanyoyin hana kamuwa da cuta
• · Shawarwarin kula da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta
• · Kula da ƙwayoyin cuta masu jurewa

Maganin Multiplex PCR don Saurin Yanke Shawara a Asibiti

Don taimakawa wajen gano ƙwayoyin cuta masu mahimmanci a asibiti da kuma hanyoyin juriya ga carbapenem cikin sauri,Kit ɗin Gano Kwayoyin Halitta Masu Juriya da Magunguna na Macro & Micro Test na KPN, Aba, PA &a lokaci guda yana gano:

Kwayoyin cuta masu haɗari: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 

Kwayoyin halittar Carbapenemase: KPC, NDM, OXA-48, IMP

Mahimman Sifofi

• · Gano kai tsaye daga samfuran maniyyi
• · Ba a buƙatar dogon wadatar al'adu ba
• · Hankali na nazari:LoD 1000 CFU/mL 
• · Sakamakon yana samuwa a cikinMinti 35–50 
• · Mai jituwa da manyan dandamalin PCR na ainihin lokaci

Ta hanyar samar da saurin gano ƙwayoyin cuta da alamun juriya, gwajin zai iya ƙara wa ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta na gargajiya da kuma tallafawa yanke shawara a asibiti a baya.

Aiki Tare Da Yaƙi Da AMR

Ba za a iya shawo kan juriyar ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar sabbin magungunan rigakafi kaɗai ba.

TheHukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, IDSA, ESCMID, kumaCDCa koyaushe yana jaddada cewa ingantaccen sarrafa AMR yana buƙatar haɗakar:

• · Gano cututtuka cikin sauri
• · Kula da maganin ƙwayoyin cuta
• · Rigakafi da kuma shawo kan cututtuka
• · Kula da dakin gwaje-gwaje
• · Shiga cikin asibiti cikin lokaci

Yayin da dakunan gwaje-gwaje a duk duniya ke ci gaba da ƙarfafa martanin AMR ɗinsu, saurin gano ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tallafawa shawarwarin magani bisa ga shaida da kuma taimakawa wajen rage yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cuta masu juriya.

Nassoshi

1. Masu Haɗaka Masu Juriyar Kwayoyin cuta.Nauyin da duniya ke da shi na juriya ga ƙwayoyin cuta a shekarar 2019. Lancet.2022.

2. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya.Tsarin Aiki na Duniya kan Juriyar Magungunan Ƙwayoyin Cuta.2015.

3. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya.Jerin Magungunan da WHO ta Fifiko a Kan Kwayoyin Cuta 2024. 

4. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya.Shirin Bincike Kan Juriyar Kwayoyin cuta.2024.

5. Ƙungiyar Cututtuka Masu Yaɗuwa ta Amurka (IDSA).Jagorar 2024 Kan Maganin Cututtukan Gram-Negative Masu Juriya ga Kwayoyin cuta. 

6. Ƙungiyar Kula da Kwayoyin Halittar Asibiti da Cututtuka Masu Yaɗuwa ta Turai (ESCMID).Jagorori don Kula da Cututtukan da Bacilli Mai Juriya ga Magunguna da Yawa ke haifarwa. 

7. Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafi na Amurka (CDC).Barazanar Juriyar Magungunan Ƙwayoyin Cuta a Amurka.